Mineralogy and Petrology of Unique Native-Iron Basalts from Northern Siberia

Native iron, as a mineral, occurs in only three (3) geologic locations on Earth: 1) Disko Island (Greenland), 2) Bühl basalt (Kassel, Germany), and 3) Siberian flood basalts (SFB) (Taylor et al., 2014). Hypabyssal (shallow) mafic intrusions associated with the SFB in Northern Siberia contain metallic native iron, indicating formation under highly reducing environments (Olivine compositions clustered around Fo50, indicating crystallization from a parental magma with Mg# = 23 (MgO/FeO+MgO). This differs greatly from typical basalts from this region, which have been reported to have an Mg# between 50-60 (Wooden et al. 1993; Naldrett et al. 1992). Pyroxenes are present as augite and pigeonite, with compositions in equilibrium with those of olivine. Fine-grained matrix crystals of plagioclase are similar in composition to the cores of zoned grains, values ranging from An46-84 andAn43-82, respectively. Likewise, plagioclase phenocrysts are similar in composition to the rims of zoned grains, with compositions ranging from An54-80 and An54-77, respectively. These results show that the reduction process resulted in substantial enrichment of FeO in the melt, which is especially reflected in the compositions of pyroxene and olivine. This process also significantly reduced the oxygen fugacity to a point at which native iron became stable, a state which is almost exclusively found on extra-terrestrial bodies. Native iron in this sample occurs as the mineral kamacite (FeNi), with 1-3 wt% Ni. Other Fe-rich and terrestrially rare and unusual minerals found in this sample include: cohenite – Fe3C; native Cu; ilmenite – FeTiO3; troilite – FeS; chalcopyrite – CuFeS2; and wüstite – FeO

Session 1D Green Imperialism in French Polynesia

Full text available. French Polynesia is currently still partially under French control. As French Polynesia is a SIDS, they are facing extreme weather events and sea level rise. French resource extraction and a nuclear test site have degraded their environment. I will examine the environmental justice components of this situation in relation to eco-governance and development projects

The Effect of Information Interventions on Retention among University of Lynchburg Students

College retention rates are a frequently discussed topic amid declining retention and increasing time to degree completion. My research will evaluate whether a targeted nudging program has any impact on second-year students retaining to their third year at University of Lynchburg. Nudging defined as, “…any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people\u27s behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives…” as discussed by Thaler and Sunstein (2008). I will analyze the outcome of nudging student behavior via weekly text alerts centered around Academic, Social, Career, and/or Financial information students have self-selected to receive has on GPA and, post-graduation, retention rates. I find there is no significant difference in GPA between the control and test group. However, the additional alerts do provide an increase in average attendance of events. Results of this study provide knowledge on implementation of a low-cost program that has the potential to increase student engagement

Doyle Creek Land and Cattle Company

Doyle Creek Land & Cattle Company is dedicated to improvement of the beef industry and is continually striving to achieve excellence in their commercial cow-calf operation. Located in the Flint Hills of Kansas, Doyle Creek consists of three ranches owned and operated by Randy and Judy (Strait) Mills and their two daughters. Mary and Fran

Effects of predation pressure and prey density on short-term indirect interactions between two prey species that share a common predator

1. Generalist predators are important contributors to reliable conservation biological control. Indirect interactions between prey species that share a common generalist predator can influence both community dynamics and the efficacy of biological control.2. Laboratory cage experiments investigated the impact of the combined consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predation by adult Hippodamia convergens as a shared predator on the population growth and relative abundance of Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis gossypii as prey species. Predation pressure and prey density were varied.3. At low predation pressure the indirect interaction between aphid species was asymmetrical with a proportionally greater negative impact of predation on A. gossypii than on A. pisum. At intermediate predation pressure, the indirect interaction became symmetrical. At high predation pressure and higher levels of prey density, it was asymmetrical with greater negative impact on A. pisum, often driven to local extinction while A. gossypii populations persisted.4. A linear mixed-effects model including early population growth of both aphid species and predation pressure explained 96% and 92% of the variation in the population growth of A. pisum and A. gossypii, respectively, over an 8-day period. The overall effect of shared predation on the indirect interaction between the two aphid species is best described as apparent commensalism, where A. pisum benefited from early population growth of A. gossypii, while A. gossypii was unaffected by early population growth of A. pisum. Considering these indirect interactions is important for conservation biological control efforts to be successful

The evolution of the field of Health Policy and Systems Research and outstanding challenges.

BACKGROUND: We provide a historical analysis of the evolution of the field of health policy and systems research (HPSR) since 1996. In the mid-1990s, three main challenges affected HPSR, namely (1) fragmentation and lack of a single agreed definition of the field; (2) ongoing dominance of biomedical and clinical research; and (3) lack of demand for HPSR. Cross-cutting all these challenges was the problem of relatively limited capacity to undertake high quality HPSR. Our discussion analyses how these problems were addressed so as to facilitate growth and enhanced recognition of the field. DISCUSSION: HPSR has benefitted significantly from increased recognition of the importance of strong health systems to health outcomes, particularly those linked to the Millennium Development Goals. In addition to this, some of the challenges described above have been addressed through (1) sustained advocacy for the importance of HPSR, (2) efforts to clarify the content and focus of the field, and (3) growing appreciation of and efforts to engage health practitioners and policy-makers in HPSR. While advocacy for the field of HPSR was initially fragmented, since the late 1990s there has been a consistent flow of focusing events and publications that have served to enhance the profile and understanding of the field. There have also been multiple efforts to establish greater coherence within the field, for example, interrogating the distinctions between health services research and health systems research, and how critical the "P" for policy is to HPSR. Finally, HPSR has developed at the same time as growing interest in evidence-informed policy and, more recently, implementation science, which have served to underscore the relevance and utility of HPSR to policy- and decision-makers. CONCLUSIONS: During the past two decades, the field of HPSR has developed significantly, leading to enhanced clarity about its purpose, activity levels and utility. Several challenges remain that will need to be addressed in the decades ahead

Introduction to Human Subjects and KC IRB at IU

Sara Benken is an Associate Director in the IU Human Subjects Office. Adam Mills and Andrew Neel are Research Compliance Associates in the IU Human Subjects Office.This workshop will provide an overview of human subjects research and submitting an application through the KC IRB system. Representatives from the IU Human Subjects Office will provide a brief introduction to human subjects research, then focus the remaining time on learning how to navigate the IU IRB process

Perceptions of Interns and Mentors About the Yearlong Internship in the Central Washington University Masters/Certification Program (1997-2000) Wenatchee University Center

The purpose of this project is to determine the perceptions of the yearlong internship by Interns and Mentors in the Central Washington University Masters/Certification Program (1997-2000) at the Wenatchee Center. To accomplish this purpose, questionnaires were sent to all Interns and Mentors of Central Washington University Masters/Certification pilot Program at the Wenatchee Center. Additionally, related information from selected sources was obtained and analyzed